S. Danilov, S. Juricke, A. Kutsenko, and M. Oliver
Toward consistent subgrid momentum closures in ocean models,
in: C. Eden and A. Iske, eds., "Energy Transfers in Atmosphere and Ocean", pp. 145-192, Springer-Verlag, 2019.

Abstract:

State-of-the-art global ocean circulation models used in climate studies are only passing the edge of becoming "eddy permitting" or barely eddy resolving. Such models commonly suffer from over-dissipation of mesoscale eddies by routinely used subgrid dissipation (viscosity) operators and a resulting depletion of energy in the large-scale structures which are crucial for draining available potential energy into kinetic energy. More broadly, subgrid momentum closures may lead to both overdissipation or pile up of eddy kinetic energy and enstrophy of the smallest resolvable scales.

The aim of this chapter is two-fold. First, it reviews the theory of two-dimensional and geostrophic turbulence. To a large part, this is textbook material with particular emphasis, however, on issues relevant to modeling the global ocean in the eddy permitting regime. Second, we discuss several recent parameterizations of subgrid dynamics, including simplified backscatter schemes by Jansen and Held, stochastic superparameterizations by Grooms and Majda, and an empirical backscatter scheme by Mana and Zanna.

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